Genetic differences in the expression of different receptor subtypes could affect individual therapeutic efficacy [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. While, these results have not been replicated in different populations, because of differences in definition of phenotype and outcome measures used [ 60 ]. With regard to therapeutic safety, although opioids are the first-line drug for moderate to severe cancer pain [ 3 , 4 ], opioid-related AEs particularly at high doses that led to discontinuation of study treatment can sometimes prevent adequate analgesia [ 20 ].
Mucci Lo Russo et al. While, other authors did not found significant differences in adverse effects [ 17 , 18 , 63 ].
Several questions remain to be answered. First, although some preclinical data are available in cancer pain models, the mechanism of action of morphine and oxycodone for moderate-to-severe pain remains to be debated. Second, different subgroups of patients might have differential responses to cancer pain treatment.
Future research should aim to identify these subgroups, probably through the identification and validation of biomarkers, to refine the population of patients likely to obtain benefit from morphine and oxycodone.
In conclusion, morphine showed no inferiority or superiority when compared with oxycodone in terms of analgesic response or adverse effects. Currently, growing evidence has suggested that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are different among opioids.
As a result, different opioids are likely to differ in some respects. Additional studies, including comparison with controls and other opioids, will be necessary to confirm the results.
Moreover, in the future, prospective, randomized, clinical trials are designed to evaluate the efficacy of different opioids in patients with cancer pain based on gene polymorphism. After publication of this article [1], the authors noted that the corresponding email address is incorrect. Validation of World Health Organization guidelines for cancer pain relief: a year prospective study.
Portenoy RK. Managing cancer pain poorly responsive to systemic opioid therapy. Oncology Williston Park. CAS Google Scholar. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Article Google Scholar. Cancer pain relief and palliative care. Geneva: World Health Organization; Technical report series, No. World Health Organization. Cancer pain relief, second edition, with a guide to opioid availability. Morphine and alternative opioids in cancer pain: the EAPC recommendations. Br J Cancer. Effects of controlled-released morphine on quality of life for cancer pain.
Oncol Nurs Forum. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; No pain relief from morphine? Individual variation in sensitivity to morphine and the need to switch to an alternative opioid in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. Trends in opioid analgesics sales to community pharmacies and hospitals in Italy Minerva Anestesiol.
International Narcotics Control Board. Technical reports Accessed 25 April , Oxycodone for cancer-related pain: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. Use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of cancer pain: evidence-based recommendations from the EAPC.
Lancet Oncol. Palliat Med. Tapentadol prolonged release for managing moderate to severe, chronic malignant tumor-related pain. Pain Physician. PubMed Google Scholar. Sustained-release oral morphine versus transdermal fentanyl and oral methadone in cancer pain management. Eur J Pain. Morphine versus oxycodone in pancreatic cancer pain: a randomized controlled study.
Clin J Pain. Oxycodone controlled-release as first-choice therapy for moderate-to-severe cancer pain in Italian patients: results of an open-label, multicentre, observational study. Clin Drug Investig. Impact of morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone or codeine on patient consciousness, appetite and thirst when used to treat cancer pain.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Google Scholar. Clinical application of opioid equianalgesic data. Symptom distress in advanced cancer patients with anxiety and depression in the palliative care setting. Palliative pain management: when both pain and suffering hurt. J Palliat Care. Substance abuse in cancer pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep. Oxycodone immediate-release tablets are available as generic drugs. They usually cost less than OxyContin.
Your insurance plan may also prefer generic oxycodone over OxyContin. This means they may cover only one of the drugs or only generic forms. You should call your insurance company to ask if one drug is preferred over the other. You should also call your pharmacy to see if they keep these drugs in stock. Not all pharmacies carry these drugs. The side effects of oxycodone and OxyContin are very similar.
This is because they contain the same active ingredient. The most common side effects of these drugs include:. Learn more: Detailed drug information for oxycodone ».
An interaction is when a substance changes the way a drug works. This can be harmful or prevent the drug from working well. Do not drink alcohol while taking immediate-release oxycodone or OxyContin. This combination can be deadly. Immediate-release oxycodone and OxyContin can make these conditions worse. If you are breastfeeding, do not take either of these drugs.
Both of these drugs can pass through breast milk and harm your child. Certain side effects of these drugs, such as changes in mood and behavior, breathing problems, constipation, and lightheadedness can be particularly bothersome while you are pregnant. Also, results from one study have shown a link between certain birth defects and the use of opioids by pregnant women.
These drugs are very powerful pain relievers. If there appeared a poor short-term effect or aggravated sudden pain during the treatment, a short-acting morphine injection was given and adverse reactions were processed by symptomatic treatment.
The pain relief rate and adverse reactions of groups were observed and pharmacoeconomics evaluation was undertaken. Review pharmacological features of Oxycontin. Controlled release oxycodone Oxycontin has received considerable attention in the lay press over the past two years. Unfortunately most of the coverage has been negative, related to the illicit use of Oxycontin due to diversion outside of legitimate medical practice.
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