The rotary cutting tool used in reaming is known as a reamer. Like drill bits, reamers also remove material from the workpiece on which they are used. However, reamers remove significantly less material than drill bits. The primary purpose of reaming is simply to create smooth walls in an existing hole. Manufacturing companies perform reaming using a milling machine or drill press. Identified by its characteristic dark-gold color, brass is a metal alloy consisting of copper and We use cookies to improve your experience.
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Still have questions? Find more answers. Previously Viewed. Unanswered Questions. What is the effect of discolored agno3 in the titration with kscn? Would you wake up if someone performed but. Get the Answers App. All Rights Reserved. Centring can often be substituted by centre punching. Figure 1. Centre punching by hand Drilling is like centring a cutting operation with single-edged or two-edged tools twist drill.
A distinction is made between drilling and boring. Rotationally symmetrical through bores, stepped bores and blind bores are produced. Figure 2. Kinds of bores basic types 1 through bore, 2 stepped bore, 3 blind bore Counterboring or countersinking as cutting operation with a multiple-edge tool serves to remachine bores deburring, chamfering, expanding.
Reaming is a cutting operation with a multiple-edge tool which is constantly in action. Bores of high dimensional accuracy and surface finish can be produced. Tapping is a cutting operation with a multiple-edge tool tap. Tapping provides a hole with a thread as non-permanent joint.
For what purpose are centring, drilling and reaming applied when internal rotationally symmetrical workpiece surfaces are machined? Kinds, construction and applications of drilling machines In machine-tool building a distinction is made between the following kinds of drilling machines: horizontal boring, drilling and milling machines - table-type - with cross-sliding column - floor-type - special-purpose boring machines - machining centres vertical drilling machines - bench-type - pillar-type - box-type - radial drilling machines - coordinate drilling machines In addition to this, various types of hand drills are used, mainly for assembly purposes.
Due to the machine inventory being made up mainly of vertical drilling machines of the pillar and box type the construction, mode of action and application of these types will be explained in greater detail in the following section. Basic construction of the pillar and box-type drilling machines box-column drilling machines : The pillar drilling machine is of the round column type. The work-table is arranged to swivel and is, therefore, not provided with any additional support.
Figure 3. Pillar drilling machine box-column drilling machine 1 driving motor, 2 driving head, 3 round column with geared rack for height adjustment of the drilling-machine table, 4 column base, 5 drilling machine table with T-slots, 6 drilling spindle, 7 spindle head, 8 hand lever for manual feed Compared with the pillar drilling machine the box-type drilling machine has a higher stiffness.
Its column is prismatic. An inline arrangement see Fig. Figure 4. Box-type drilling machine box-column drilling machine 1 driving motor, 2 driving head, 3 machine column, 4 column base, 5 drilling-machine table, 6 drilling spindle, 7 hand lever for feed, 8 spindle head Figure 5. In-line multiple-spindle drilling machine 1 drilling-machine upper parts work independently from each other , 2 drilling-machine table vertically adjustable , 3 treadle as emergency switch, 4 column base The cutting values speed, feed are set on pillar and box-type drilling machines by means of control panels.
This is done, as a rule, via change-speed drives which must be operated when the machine is at rest or is slowing down. Applications: Stationary drilling machines pillar and box-type drilling machines are used for drilling as well as boring, counterboring or countersinking, reaming and tapping. With compound table types even easy milling operations can be performed within the range of capacity.
The machines are used in small-batch and medium-batch production as well as in assembly work and auxiliary processes. Figure 6. Compound table What kinds of stationary vertical drilling machines are used in machine-tool building? Figure 7. Centre punch Figure 8. Centre drill Figure 9.
Twist drill Figure Spiral-flute counterbore Figure Reamer Figure Tap The basic construction of the tools to be used differs only in the shape and number of tool cutting edges. The tools to be used can have a parallel shank or a taper shank.
The basic construction of the tools can be seen in Figures 7 - Which tools can be used for reaming a bore, taking the technological sequence of operations into consideration? Clamping possibilities for workpieces and tools Clamping the workpieces Work-holding devices have the following special functions for machining on drilling machines: positioning - fixing of the workpiece position in relation to the tool clamping - neutralization of cutting forces during the machining operation The clamping elements to be used must both neutralize the cutting forces feed and speed and hold down the workpiece during the machining operation.
Especially when drilling is made with twist drills the torque caused by the cutting force is of great importance for a safe clamping of the workpiece. The torque subjects the tool to torsion and simultaneously tries to drag along the workpiece. Therefore, greatest importance shall be attached to a firm, job-related workpiece clamping according to labour safety regulations.
The choice of the respective clamping equipment depends on - the shape, size and number of workpieces to be machined - the number of bores in a workpiece and their size - the angular position of the bores - the cutting forces acting on the workpiece - the type of drilling machine to be used - the position, direction and necessary quality of the bore.
There is a great number of variants of the various clamping elements and fixtures. As main variants for clamping workpieces, the following ones are applied: Clamping against a stop for loose workpiece clamping with medium-sized and bulky workpieces as a safeguard against displacement and distortion.
Figure Clamping the workpiece against a stop 1 stop, 2 table, 3 work-holding bolt, 4 workpiece Vice clamping Loose vice clamping for quickly fixing the workpiece's central positions in single-piece production or at low cutting pressure. Firm vice clamping with determination of fixed position in series production or at high cutting pressure. Vice clamping 1 vice, 2 workpiece, 3 parallels Chucking for clamping rotationally symmetrical workpieces and machining of their end faces.
Chucking 1 tool, 2 workpiece, 3 chuck Clamping by means of clamps for clamping large or bulky workpieces on the table. We distinguish between flat, U-shaped, fork-shaped and cranked clamps of fixed and adjustable design. Clamping by means of clamp 1 clamp, 2 support, 3 work piece Make sure by means of supports that the clamps are arranged horizontally.
Clamping in fixtures for clamping workpieces which due to their geometrical shape can not or only with considerable effort be clamped with usual clamping equipment such as vice, stop and clamp. This is the safest kind of clamping ensuring high quality.
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